Basic Music Theory Concepts
Glenn Weiser

Scales and modes:
Ionian (Major): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Dorian: 1 2 b3 4 5 6 b7 8
Phrygian: 1 b2 b3 4 5  b6 b7 8
Lydian: 1 2 3  #4 5 6 7 8
Mixolydian: 1 2 3 4 5 6 b7 8
Aeolian (Natural Minor): 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8
Lochrian:1 b2 b3 4 b5 b6 b7 8
Harmonic Minor: 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 7 8
Melodic Minor: 1 2 b3 4 5 6 7 8 b7 b6 5 4 b3 2 1

Chords:
Major 1-3-5
Minor 1-b3-5
Dominant 7^th: 1-3-5-b7
Minor 7^th: 1-b3-5-b7
Major 7^th: 1-3-5-7
Diminished: 1-b3-b5 (6 often added to make Diminished 7th)
Augmented: 1-3-#5
Sixth: 1-3-5-6
Minor 6^th: 1-b3-5-6
Dominant 9th: 1-3-5-b7-2
Major 9th: 1-3-5-7-2